Spinal Tuberculosis Treatment In India

Spinal tuberculosis, also known as spinal spondylolysis or Pott’s disease, is a relatively rare type of spinal infection caused by extra-spinal conditions. This ailment is a combination of arthritis and bone infection that affects multiple vertebrae, primarily in the spine’s tissue outside the lungs. The upper lumbar vertebrae and lower thorax are commonly affected spinal areas. The lower thoracic vertebrae show spinal involvement in around 40 to 50% of cases, followed by the lumbar spine at 35 to 45%.

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Physical findings associated with spinal tuberculosis include sudden involuntary muscle contractions, localised tenderness, and restricted movement of the spine.

Diagnosis Techniques for Spinal Tuberculosis

Diagnostic methods for spinal tuberculosis, as suggested by medical experts, may involve blood tests, radiography of the spine, bone scanning, or computed tomography. It’s not unusual for the diagnosis of this condition to be delayed, but a definitive diagnosis through a biopsy specimen is crucial due to the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and the required treatment duration.

Causes of Spinal Tuberculosis

Spinal tuberculosis is characterised by acid-fast positive caseating granulomas. These granulomas are composed of monocytes, forming small masses that lead to pain. The individual’s reaction to the condition, known as the Bourne reaction, varies from intense to mild. The disease typically spares the intervertebral discs in the spine and tends to spread beneath the posterior longitudinal ligaments.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Spinal tuberculosis is typically located in the lower and upper limb vertebrae. Common symptoms include back pain, night sweats, weight loss, and fever. As the condition progresses, walking may become challenging, with leg weakness, stiffness in walking, an unyielding posture, and swelling at the injection site. Failure to treat the symptoms may lead to leg paralysis.

Spinal Tuberculosis Treatment

Early detection of spinal tuberculosis can lower the risk of severe nerve damage. A reliable treatment option, especially in severe cases, involves surgery. Surgeons can remove and replace the affected discs with artificial discs. The decision to perform surgery may depend on factors like active disease signs, symptoms of cord compression, and the progression of deformity.

Immobilisation is a crucial part of the treatment, with cervical and cervical thoracic processes requiring halo immobilisation for three months. After low lumbar procedures, lumbosacral pelvic immobilisation is used for a minimum of 6 to 8 weeks. If you experience pain or exhibit symptoms of spinal tuberculosis, it is essential not to delay seeking further diagnosis and treatment.

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