Thyroid Cancer Treatment In india

What Causes Thyroid Cancer?

Thyroid cancer can strike anyone, and while there isn’t always a clear cause, certain factors may increase the risk. Exposure to neck radiation during childhood is known to elevate the chances of developing thyroid cancer. Additionally, a small fraction of thyroid cancers can be hereditary, particularly in cases of medullary cancer.

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Recognizing Thyroid Cancer Symptoms

Thyroid cancer often remains asymptomatic, revealing itself as a neck nodule. However, in some instances, there may be symptoms such as:

Lymph Node Enlargement: Thyroid cancer can manifest as swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Voice Changes: In more aggressive cases, hoarseness of voice and difficulty swallowing may occur.

Diagnosing Thyroid Cancer

When a patient presents with a thyroid nodule, a doctor may recommend an ultrasound of the thyroid region. Ultrasound provides valuable information about the nodule, and certain characteristics may raise suspicion of cancer.

If cancer is suspected, a Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) may be performed. This involves inserting a needle into the nodule, preferably under ultrasound guidance, and sending the tissue sample to a pathologist for analysis.

Types of Thyroid Cancer

Papillary Cancer: The most common and least aggressive type.

Follicular Cancer: The next most common type.

Medullary Cancer: A less common hereditary form.

Anaplastic Cancer: A rarer and aggressive variant.

Treatment for Thyroid Cancer

Surgery, known as thyroidectomy, is the primary treatment for thyroid cancer. The extent of the procedure may vary:

Hemithyroidectomy: Removal of half the thyroid gland.

Total Thyroidectomy: Complete removal of the thyroid gland.

Lymph Node Dissection: In some cases, lymph nodes in the neck may also be removed.

Following surgery, radioiodine therapy may be used to ablate any remaining thyroid tissue or metastases. Thyroxine is often prescribed to suppress TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone).

Risks of Thyroid Surgery

The two main risks associated with thyroid surgery are:

Injury to the Vocal Cord Nerve: Which can lead to hoarseness.

Parathyroid Gland Injury: Resulting in low calcium levels and muscle stiffness.

However, these complications are rare, especially when performed by experienced surgeons.

Post-Surgery Follow-up

Approximately one month after thyroid cancer surgery, a radioiodine scan is typically conducted to check for any residual thyroid tissue or metastases and assess the need for radioiodine ablation. Thyroid replacement tablets are started following this scan, often at a higher dose. Regular monitoring includes thyroid function tests and checking thyroglobulin levels, a tumor marker that can indicate cancer recurrence.

Surgery for Benign Thyroid Nodules

Not all benign thyroid nodules require surgery. Surgery may be recommended if:

The doctor cannot definitively rule out cancer.
The nodule is large and pressing on other structures.
The nodule is hyperfunctioning.
If these indications are not present, observation may be a suitable option.

By providing this information in a more engaging and reader-friendly format, your website can offer valuable insights into thyroid cancer, its diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.

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